Table of Contents
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Early Years (1948-1987)
The Israel-Gaza conflict has its roots in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, which resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, known as the Nakba or "catastrophe" in Arabic. The Gaza Strip, which was then under Egyptian control, became a refuge for many of these displaced Palestinians. In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip, which has remained under Israeli control ever since.
First Intifada (1987-1993)
The First Intifada, which began in 1987, marked a significant turning point in the conflict. The intifada, which means "shaking off" in Arabic, was a mass uprising of Palestinians against Israeli occupation. The intifada was characterized by widespread protests, boycotts, and violence, and resulted in the deaths of over 1,000 Palestinians and 200 Israelis.
Oslo Accords (1993)
The Oslo Accords, signed in 1993, aimed to establish a framework for peace between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The accords established the Palestinian Interim Self-Government Authority, which was tasked with governing parts of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. However, the accords ultimately failed to bring about a lasting peace, and the conflict continued to simmer.
Second Intifada (2000-2005)
The Second Intifada, which began in 2000, was marked by an escalation of violence and terrorism. The intifada saw the rise of militant groups such as Hamas, which has since become a major player in the conflict. The intifada resulted in the deaths of over 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis.
Gaza Disengagement (2005)
In 2005, Israel unilaterally withdrew from the Gaza Strip, dismantling its settlements and military installations. However, Israel maintained control over the strip's borders, airspace, and coastline, effectively creating a blockade.
Hamas Takeover (2007)
In 2007, Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip, leading to a split between Hamas and the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority. The takeover was met with a severe blockade by Israel and Egypt, which has had a devastating impact on the Gaza economy and humanitarian situation.
Recent Conflicts (2008-2022)
In recent years, the conflict has escalated, with several major wars and skirmishes taking place. These include: Operation Cast Lead (2008-2009): A three-week conflict that resulted in the deaths of over 1,400 Palestinians and 13 Israelis. Operation Pillar of Defense (2012): An eight-day conflict that resulted in the deaths of over 160 Palestinians and 6 Israelis. Operation Protective Edge (2014): A 50-day conflict that resulted in the deaths of over 2,200 Palestinians and 73 Israelis. May 2021 conflict: An 11-day conflict that resulted in the deaths of over 250 Palestinians and 12 Israelis.